Introduction:

    Dr.Sheena Salin, Head of the Department of Pathology, Fr. Muller Homoeopathic Medical College, Mangalore has presented an excellent article on pathology of psora she had presented scientific papers in work shops. .

    Human pathology is the science which deals with diseased or abnormal condition of living human beings or a systematized knowledge of the phenomena of disease. Homoeopathic general pathology is based on dynamic theory of disease, which is always primarily a morbid dynamic or functional disturbance of vital force.

    People are very variably susceptible to adverse effects of environment which is due to general or fundamental property governed by the genetic code which is the power to react to a stimuli and responsible to various inputs he receives from the environment. A slightest breath induces disease in some while others daily breathe out without injury.

    Disease is the vital resistance or defensive reaction of living organism to noxious elements or organism which is inimical to its welfare or a morbid dynamical disturbance of vital power which animates the organizers by means of self protective mechanism of automatic formation of antitoxin and antibodies is an equal pace with the generation of toxin and manifests itself by perceptible, sensorial, functional and organic symptoms. Every effect has a number of cause of which the specific cause is only proximate or more nearly related. No specific cause can act un-conditionally - Variable degree of Resistance is offered to these adverse effects as the defense mechanism is controlled and governed genetically. Hence the disease is manifested in each individual by his own personal characteristics. Though few determinate patterns manifested through similar and pathological expressions are seen in human which is based on the common constitutional basis which are termed Clinical Features. Also different disease presented by same person as judged by his biopathology is also linked by a back ground which constitutes a predisposition to a characteristic form with respect to both dysfunction and to the lesion (structural anomaly). This predisposition which persists in the form of its expression is MIASM which denotes the Cause as well as the effect.

    Thus Dr Hahnemann has given that chronic diseases are built on 3 different plans accordingly from which they arose - PSORA, SYCOSIS and SYPHILIS. The reality of miasm in the patient is always expressed by signs and symptoms which permit the individual expression of the characteristic miasm.

    Deviation occurs first at functional level (an altered physiology and biochemistry) to structural level (Anatomical change).

    Human beings are perfect embodiments of an abstract mind, spirit, soul and energy in a concrete matter called body which is made of multiple system which are made of organs which are of tissues, which in turn are made of number of cells. Cell is the unit of life which is having almost all the properties of man himself as its functioning is governed by genes and genetic code which is inside the nucleus. Hence individualization has its root in every cell. Biological intelligence in the cell helps to adopt to suit the needs like survival, generation defense etc. Grossly the response of every organism will be the same. But it differs in intensity according to the nature of the organism.

    Normal cell is confined to a narrow range of functional and structural changes due to the genetic programming. Excess physiological stress or pathological stimuli leads to a physiological and morphological adaptation and a new altered state of homoeostasis is achieved which is healthy and needs no correction. Eg: Hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia. If adaptations are not sufficient to re - establish homoeostasis inspite of constant stimulus or no enough time for a adaptation, the cell starts defending with whatever resources of genetically governed defense it possess and tries to manipulate the internal and external environment of cell so that the invasive agent is kept at bay. The changes which occur in the cells and tissues in order to defend or repair the damage forms the pathology of that disease.

    The first defensive mechanism is psychological like promoting production of anti bacterial agents secreted by the cells like lysosyme in mucous membrane, increased fatty acids on skin, production of free fluid in large quantity to wash off the stimulants, increase or decrease in the Ph etc. Later the cell is subjected to any of the etiological effects and goes for a reversible cell injury termed as cloudy swelling which can be reverted back to normal if the stimulants are removed or if the cells are able to reverse back.

    If the cause persists or is allowed to persist by then host then it leads to an irreversible cell injury leading to necrosis. It is at this context that inflammation takes place which is itself defined as a local defensive mechanism to dilute injurious agents to remove the necrosed cells followed by healing. It is the body response to an injury in an attempt to restore the normal structure and function which is themanifestation of vital reaction resistance of organism by which natural curative antibody and antitoxins are produced & protects itself. Inflammation means good vital activity - more rapid circulation, respiration oxygenation and rapid & through elimination of waste substances. It manifests as pain, swelling, redness, stiffness, etc, warranting a defensive mechanism, now attracting the attention to the area which are the results of body's defensive mechanism at work.

    These responses vary according to the general health and immune state of the host ending in resolution or healing by regeneration of the same cells or by repair with least scar or spot.

    In case of neoplasms, the genetic transformation or mutation of the DNA leads to an abnormal, un-coordinated, excessive proliferations of cells giving rise to an abnormal mass of tissue called neoplasm. In normal cell, growth regulatory genes i.e the proto oncogene (Growth promoting), Anti - oncogene (Growth inhibiting), Apoptosis regulatory gene - (Control programmed cell death) and DNA repair gene - (Regulate DNA damage) usually control the cell mitosis as well as cell aging, ending in cell death by apoptosis (internally programmed cell death). More over a good host immune response can even regress a tumor. Hence when these genes are under control as well with a good immune response i.e good vitality and in - built defensive mechanism a tumor finds difficult to grow in such a host.

    Such conditions where all the in -built defensive mechanism as inflammation, immunity etc are under control is PSORIC MIASM. This miasm has innate and predominant tendency to fight all invasions, pathogens, toxins or emotion by physiologic defensive response of cells and tissues where the system gears itself through quick immediate and adequate mobilization of built - in natural defenses, disposal and return to normalcy. It is due to the underlying biopathology which is the sensitizing miasm termed as PSORA. It is characterized by altered sensibility, irritability, inflammation, intense pain, any disease of deprivation of nutrition or evacuation, behavioural or emotional changes due to acute irritation of neuro - endocrine system like sudden anger, fright, grief, anxiety etc. Primary effects occur at the level of limiting protective envelop which separates man from the environment i.e skin, mucous membrane. If suppressed, the functional disturbance with minimal structural alteration goes to more vital organs. In a psoric miasm the disease travels from one system to another but as irritation or inflammation only. Do not shift easily to morphological defense. Always a reversible alteration in co - ordination, occurs here. External stimuli is initiator and adverse environment act as accelerator. If still not treated destruction occurs by sycosis, tubercular or syphilis.

References :
1. ICR Symposium -1 Area C
2. Principle & art of cure by homoeopathy H.A. Robert
3. The genius of homoeopathy -Stuart close
4. Predictive homoeopathy Vol 3 - Dr Praful Vijaykar
5. Text book of pathology - Harsh Mohan
6. Basic Pathology -Kumar Cortan & Robins